Micrograzers may affect macroalgal density

ASICs may affect GABAergic synapses

Currents activated in the neuronal membrane by extracellular acidification were first reported in 1980 [1]. The existence of specific proton-activated receptor was postulated. In 1997 this receptor was cloned and named “acid-sensing ion channel”, ASIC [2]. There are at least six different ASIC subunits (ASIC1a, ASIC1b, ASIC2a, ASIC2b, ASIC3, and ASIC4) coded by four different genes. All ASICs b...

Interleukin-8 but Not Interleukin-6 Variant May Affect Susceptibility to Brucellosis

Background: Increased levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in acute human brucellosis have been reported. Previous studies have shown that the production and level of IL-6 and IL-8 cytokines are associated with the polymorphism of the encoding genes. Objective: To investigate the probable association between IL-6 (-174 C/G) and IL-8 (-251 A/T) gene polymorphisms and susceptib...

GnRH antagonists may affect endometrial receptivity.

OBJECTIVE HOXA10 is an essential regulator of endometrial receptivity. To determine the effect of GnRH antagonists on endometrial receptivity, we assessed endometrial HOXA10 expression in GnRH antagonist, GnRH agonist, and natural cycles. DESIGN Prospective case-control study. SETTING University academic medical center. PATIENT(S) Nineteen subjects were included: 12 subjects underwent con...

Vitamin C may affect lung infections.

UV intensity may affect autoimmune disorder.

Phenotype of biological systems needs to be robust against mutation in order to sustain themselves between generations. On the other hand, phenotype of an individual also needs to be robust against fluctuations of both internal and external origins that are encountered during growth and development. Is there a relationship between these two types of robustness, one during a single generation an...